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<title>Graph reduction machine</title>
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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Graph reduction machine</span></span>
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A <b>graph reduction machine</b> is a special-purpose <a href="Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> built to perform <a href="Combinator" class="mw-redirect" title="Combinator">combinator</a> calculations by <a href="Graph_reduction" title="Graph reduction">graph reduction</a>.
</p><p>Examples include the SKIM ("S-K-I machine") computer, built at the <a href="University_of_Cambridge_Computer_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory">University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the multiprocessor GRIP ("Graph Reduction In Parallel") computer, built at <a href="University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Reduceron, which was implemented on an <a href="Field-programmable_gate_array" title="Field-programmable gate array">FPGA</a> with the single purpose of executing <a href="Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="SECD_machine" title="SECD machine">SECD machine</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFClarkeGladstoneMacLeanNorman1980" class="citation book cs1">Clarke, T. J.W.; Gladstone, P. J.S.; MacLean, C. D.; Norman, A. C. (25 August 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/800087.802798">"SKIM - the S, K, I reduction machine"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the 1980 ACM conference on LISP and functional programming - LFP '80</i>. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. <span class="nowrap">128–</span>135. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F800087.802798">10.1145/800087.802798</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4503-7396-8</bdi>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10189254">10189254</a>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020731111557/http://www-fp.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~kh/papers/pasco94/subsubsectionstar3_2_1_1.html">"Reduction Machines"</a>. 31 July 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-fp.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~kh/papers/pasco94/subsubsectionstar3_2_1_1.html">the original</a> on 31 July 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJonesClackSalkildHardie1987" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Simon L. Peyton; Clack, Chris; Salkild, Jon; Hardie, Mark (1987). "GRIP — a high-performance architecture for parallel graph reduction". In Kahn, Gilles (ed.). <i>Functional Programming Languages and Computer Architecture</i>. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 274. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. <span class="nowrap">98–</span>112. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F3-540-18317-5_7">10.1007/3-540-18317-5_7</a></span>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-540-47879-9</bdi>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNaylorRunciman2012" class="citation journal cs1">Naylor, Matthew; Runciman, Colin (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0956796812000214">"The Reduceron reconfigured and re-evaluated"</a>. <i>Journal of Functional Programming</i>. <b>22</b> (<span class="nowrap">4–</span>5): <span class="nowrap">574–</span>613. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0956796812000214">10.1017/S0956796812000214</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1469-7653">1469-7653</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1310090">1310090</a>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNaylorRunciman2008" class="citation book cs1">Naylor, Matthew; Runciman, Colin (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-85373-2_8">"The Reduceron: Widening the von Neumann Bottleneck for Graph Reduction Using an FPGA"</a>. In Chitil, Olaf; Horváth, Zoltán; Zsók, Viktória (eds.). <i>Implementation and Application of Functional Languages</i>. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 5083. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. <span class="nowrap">129–</span>146. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-540-85373-2_8">10.1007/978-3-540-85373-2_8</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-540-85373-2</bdi>.</cite></span>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>
<ul><li>T. J. W. Clarke, P. Gladstone, C. MacLean, A. C. Norman: <i>SKIM — The S, K, I Reduction Machine</i>. LISP Conference, 1980: 128–135</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020731111557/http://www-fp.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~kh/papers/pasco94/subsubsectionstar3_2_1_1.html">Reduction Machines</a>, Parallel Functional Programming: An Introduction, Kevin Hammond</li></ul>
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